Placental abruption: causes, symptoms, and treatment options
- Article reading time: 5 minutes
Placental abruption is a rare but serious complication that can occur during pregnancy. It happens when the placenta—which provides nutrients and oxygen to your baby—detaches from the uterine wall before delivery. Although placental abruption affects only about 1% of pregnant women, if not treated quickly, it can be dangerous for both the mother and baby.
What causes placental abruption?
In most cases, the exact cause of placental abruption is unknown. However, certain factors can increase the risk, including:
– Previous placental abruption
– Smoking or use of drugs such as cocaine
– High blood pressure
– Problems with the amniotic sac
– Advanced maternal age (35 years or older)
– Carrying multiple babies
– Abdominal trauma
Recognizing the symptoms of placental abruption
Placental abruption usually occurs suddenly in the third trimester, but it can happen at any time after the twentieth week of pregnancy. Symptoms may include:
– Vaginal bleeding (amount can vary)
– Abdominal or back pain
– Uterine tenderness or frequent contractions
– Abnormal fetal heart rate
In some cases, placental abruption may develop gradually (chronic abruption), causing intermittent light bleeding, low amniotic fluid levels, and slow fetal growth.
Diagnosis of placental abruption
If you experience symptoms of placental abruption, seek medical attention immediately. Your doctor will perform a physical examination, order blood tests, and may use ultrasound to assess your condition. Keep in mind that ultrasound does not always detect placental abruption.
Treatment options for placental abruption
Treatment for placental abruption depends on the severity of the condition, the stage of pregnancy, and the health of the mother and baby.
If you are less than 34 weeks pregnant and the abruption is not severe, you may be monitored in the hospital, and **steroids** may be given to help your baby’s lungs mature more quickly.
If you are more than 34 weeks pregnant and the abruption is mild, a **vaginal delivery** might still be possible. However, **severe cases** may require an **emergency cesarean section** to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.
Possible complications of placental abruption
Although small placental abruptions may not cause significant problems, large or complete separations can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby, such as:
– Severe maternal blood loss
– Shock
– Organ failure
– Preterm birth
– Growth problems in the baby
– Stillbirth
While placental abruption can be a frightening experience, understanding the condition and seeking prompt medical care can help ensure the best possible outcome for you and your baby.
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